Friday, 29 June 2018

Rhetorical Analysis of Donald Trump’s Speech on June 16, 2015


First excerpt of Trump’s speech[1]
“Wow. Whoa. That is some group of people. Thousands.
So nice, thank you very much. That’s really nice. Thank you. It’s great to be at Trump Tower. It’s great to be in a wonderful city, New York. And it’s an honor to have everybody here. This is beyond anybody’s expectations. There’s been no crowd like this.

And, I can tell, some of the candidates, they went in. They didn’t know the air-conditioner didn’t work. They sweated like dogs.
They didn’t know the room was too big, because they didn’t have anybody there. How are they going to beat ISIS? I don’t think it’s gonna happen.
Our country is in serious trouble. We don’t have victories anymore. We used to have victories, but we don’t have them. When was the last time anybody saw us beating, let’s say, China in a trade deal? They kill us. I beat China all the time. All the time.”

Second excerpt of Trump’s speech
“Last week, I read 2,300 Humvees— these are big vehicles— were left behind for the enemy. 2,000? You would say maybe two, maybe four? 2,300 sophisticated vehicles, they ran, and the enemy took them.
Last quarter, it was just announced our gross domestic product— a sign of strength, right? But not for us. It was below zero. Whoever heard of this? It’s never below zero.”

Third excerpt of Trump’s speech
“We’ve got nothing. We’ve got Social Security that’s going to be destroyed if somebody like me doesn’t bring money into the country. All these other people want to cut the hell out of it. I’m not going to cut it at all; I’m going to bring money in, and we’re going to save it.”

Rhetorical Critique of Trump’s Speech

The opening remarks of Donald Trump in his candidacy announcing (Trump, 2015) is an extra compact brief of his overall speaking. From attacking the other politicians to presenting his wealth, mentioning the economic turbulence and reminding threats of other countries through trade, immigration, and terrorism; he uses the rhetorical language throughout his speech.

First, he shows gratitude of being at Trump Tower. This way he draws other's attention to his wealth and ostentatiously shows his commercial strength at the heart of New York City, especially to provoke admiration at the very beginning or to show economic power for any foreseeable cost of the upcoming election campaigns.

He refers to his rivalry candidates not being able to manage their air-conditioning. Trump says that they are failed in the very initial step to come along together with people. He compares their failing to rally people with the presence of thousands of his fans and extends this comparison to a completely different issue which is a war against terrorism. He uses the rhetorical strategy of analogy (NC State University, n.d.) and compares different events to achieve an exaggerated conclusion that extends without having a likeness. This emphasised conclusion is effective because he has proven it, apparently, with evidence of his ability to gather people and his economic power. Trump uses his reputation, authority, and credibility to persuade others, that is the rhetorical mode of ethos.

In the second example, Trump uses specific figures and argues based on statistics to highlight the costs of war in Iraq and the decline of the domestic economy. According to him, what is going on in Iraq is a futile attempt. Meanwhile, he emphasises the lowest GDP level in the US which is below zero. The juxtaposition of two different consequences of the policy provides him with the logical base to argue against that policy. This is the rhetorical mode that refers to clarity, truthful reason, and evidence, which is ethos.

In the third excerpt, Trump utilises certain emotions to achieve a persuasive speech. He appeals to public support by raising issues relating to social security and people’s life. Trump emphasises on the generic problem that people mostly “suffering” of. Trump uses people's emotions in relation to their lives and this is a good example of pathos.
In conclusion, in his opening remarks, Trump has used a variety of rhetorical techniques to encourage people to support him in the presidential election.

References:

NC State University (n.d.) Rhetorical Devices. Retrieved September 23, 2019, from https://projects.ncsu.edu/eslglobe/nmswishe/100_rhetorical%20devices.htm

Trump, D, J. (2015, July 17). Watch Donald Trump announce his candidacy for U.S. president [Video file]. Retrieved on 17 August 2019 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpMJx0-HyOM




[1] These excerpts are provided by the tutor and used without any editing.

Tuesday, 12 June 2018

A Summary of the Essay


The essay ‘China’s rise: Offensive or defensive realism’ by Ghazala Yasmin Jalil describes China’s foreign policy and argues against John Mearsheimer’s theory, which posits that China’s emerging great power is a revisionist force and a threat to the United States. The essay explains Mearsheimer’s theory of offensive realism, assesses his theory in accordance with China’s growing power, and argues that unlike Mearsheimer’s claim China’s political power is underpinned by defensive realism rather than offensive.

Examining Mearsheimer’s theory, the essay explains that states have a strong desire to maximize their power and the international system leads every country, with great power, to be the greatest one. The essay mentions that the theory is inspired by Waltz's idea of defensive realism. According to Waltz, it is not the human lust for power which pushes states to maximise their competence but the anarchic features of the international system. The essay outlines the basics of Mearsheimer’s theory and explains its auxiliary theory that great powers are confined to the sea boundaries and, therefore, while threats are possible, a worldwide hegemony is impossible.

The essay outlines positive changes in China’s policy since the 1970s. Jalil believes that China does not support the insurgency, China improves relations with neighbouring countries and the international community. China commits multilateral agreements, collaborates in international trade, develops regional infrastructure, and facilitates North Korea's dilemma. The essay interprets China's policy on Taiwan, its military modernisation and its increasing presence in the South China Sea under defensive realism. The essay objects Mearsheimer’s idea, which on the one hand, denies global hegemony, and on the other hand, claims that US concern about China's policy on Taiwan will lead to clashes between these two powers. The essay concludes that, far from being an aggressive revisionist power, China is just a status quo power and more than a threat to the US, it is an opportunity.

The essay provides a brief explanation of Mearsheimer’s theory and argues against it by providing China’s current and previous political behaviours since the 1970s. The essay develops the idea that China does not show a revisionist tendency and its growing power is not a threat to the US. The whole essay is written against the theory of John Mearsheimer. ‌ Jalil proposes that Mearsheimer’s theory is based on “assumptions”, which begs the question that to what extent the foundations of Mearsheimer’s theory is based on assumptions and to what extent they are based on facts. The essay does not provide any argument to prove that the fundamentals of Mearsheimer’s theory are really assumptions. This has reduced the level of reasoning of the paper. If there are some facts in the basics of Mearsheimer’s theory, then what does it mean with the quality of the paper to be unbiased. Furthermore, other factors need to be considered in US-China confrontation. The issue of Human Rights in China, even as a leverage to intervene, have a role in this context, which has remained largely ignored in this essay.
Reference:
Jalil, G. Y. (2019). China’s rise: Offensive or defensive realism. Strategic Studies, 39(1), 41-58. Retrieved from https://search-proquest com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/docview/2217797444?accountid=36155